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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET |
The networks that would lead to the Internet
ARPANET
Promoted to the head of the information processing office at ARPA, Robert Taylor intended to realize Licklider's ideas of an interconnected networking system. Bringing in Larry Roberts from M.I.T, he initiated a project to start such a network. The first ARPANET link was established on 21 November 1969, between the University of California, Los Angeles and The Stanford Research Institute. By 5 December 1969, a 4-node network was connected, adding the University of Utah and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Building on ideas developed in ALOHAnet, the ARPANET started in 1972 and was growing rapidly by 1981. The number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added approximately every twenty days.
ARPANET became the technical core of what would become the Internet, and a primary tool in developing the technologies used. ARPANET development was centered around the RFC process, still used today for proposing and distributing Internet Protocols and Systems. RFC 1, entitled "Host Software", was written by Steve Crocker from the University of California, Los Angeles, and published on April 7, 1969.
International collaborations on ARPANET were sparse; for various political reasons European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks, with the notable exception of the Norwegian Seismic Array in 1972 followed in 1973 by satellite links to the Tanum Earth Station in Sweden and University College London.
ARPANET to NSFNet
After the ARPANET had been up and running for several years, ARPA looked for another agency to hand off the network to; ARPA's primary business was funding cutting-edge research and development, not running a communications utility. Eventually, in July 1975, the network had been turned over to the Defense Communications Agency.The networks based around the ARPANET were government funded and therefore restricted to noncommercial uses such as research; unrelated commercial use was strictly forbidden.
This initially restricted connections to military sites and universities.
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